Soil quality assessments in integrated crop–livestock–forest systems: A review

Integrated crop–livestock–forest is a promising strategy to improve soil quality. It comprises four different integrated farming systems: crop–livestock, crop–forest, forest–livestock and crop–livestock–forest. This work systematically reviewed studies about integrated crop–livestock–forest systems and soil quality. A total of 92 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science—Clarivate Analytics platform, and the following information was analysed: publication year, institution, region of the studied site, type of integrated system, soil type, tillage system, maximum soil depth and the soil quality indicators assessed. Most studies were published in the second half of the 2010s. Brazil is a prominent focus of research about soil quality and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems, with significant contribution from its central and southern regions. The Embrapa was the main publishing institution, present in over one‐third of the studies. Crop–livestock was the most common integrated system, Ferralsols was the most common soil group, and most of the studied soils were clayey. No tillage was the main tillage system. Most studies focused on the topsoil, assessing physical and/or chemical soil quality indicators. More emphasis on biological indicators of soil quality is required, as well as assessments integrating biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Future works should compare different integrated systems, including assessments deeper in the soil profile, especially in systems with the forest component, and also in sandy and silty soils. Soil quality indicators that have been rarely used should be further tested. Novel indicators should be added to better understand the promotion of soil quality by integrated crop–livestock–forest systems.     

振安区农机深松整地作业技术推广应用研究

实施农机深松整地作业技术有利于农业可持续发展。介绍振安区农机深松整地技术发展现状与技术模式,阐述该技术推广应用中采取的措施及存在的问题,提出逐步建立起技术示范应用长效机制,以期为科学高效地推进农机深松整地技术在振安区的推广应用提供参考。     

基于工作过程的南疆高职院校园艺技术专业农业应用化学教学改革探析

分析了从南疆职业院校园艺技术专业农业应用化学教学中存在的问题,以提高该课程教学要求及园艺技术人才专业人才培养规格为目标,提出了对接教学领域与职业技能、职业素养,改革教学内容、课程体系、优化教学的方法和手段,为提高园艺技术专业服务育人本质,培养更多更好服务地方经济社会发展的高素质、高技能的园艺技术专业人才奠定重要的基础。     

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.     

基于多源遥感数据的河套灌区干旱时空演变特征

利用中国气象局陆面数据同化系统（CLDAS）验证了2015—2016年土壤水分主动-被动微波数据集（SMAP）在河套灌区的适用性，基于土壤水分亏缺指数（SWDI ）和干旱周百分比（PDW）分析了作物生育期内灌区农业干旱时空演变规律，通过两个参考指标检验了SWDI在河套灌区的精度。结果表明：（1）SMAP在河套灌区的适用性较好；区域尺度上，SMAP和CLDAS的相关系数为0.65；栅格尺度上，约有69%的栅格表现良好（R>0.5），且多集中在灌区西南部和东北部。（2）严重干旱主要发生在4月下旬到5月中旬、7月下旬到8月下旬以及9月中旬到10月中旬，主要集中在灌区的西南部、中部和东部；2015—2016年PDW值略有增大，干旱事件的持续时间有所延长。（3）大气水分亏缺量（AWD）表征的气象干旱在时间上显示2 a内灌区干旱月份为5—8月；空间上，除去地形原因，SWDI和AWD的相关性较为显著，且有一半格点通过了显著性水平为0.01的显著检验，表明基于SWDI对河套灌区进行干旱状况分析具有较高的可信度。     

基于水-能源-粮食纽带关系的农业资源投入产出效率研究

为研究我国2010—2017年农业资源投入产出效率及时序演化特征，采用数据包络分析（DEA）方法，以中国内地31个省份为研究对象，基于农业生产中的水-能源-粮食纽带关系，构建了以农业用水量、能源产品使用量、排灌耗能量、能源产品生产用水量作为输入变量，以主要农产品生产总量、第一产业国内生产总值（第一产业GDP）为输出变量的评价指标体系。结果表明，我国有19个省份尚未达到DEA有效状态，大部分省份的农业资源投入产出效率有较大上升空间。研究表明，我国大部分省份（20个）的综合效率主要受纯技术效率的影响，其中最典型的宁夏、甘肃、新疆三个西北省份的纯技术效率明显落后，资源利用效率和管理水平有待提高。     

新时代下农业教育的创新模式研究

我党十九大指出:农业、农村、农民问题关系到我国民生之本，解决好“三农”问题是全党重中 之重。在农业人才资源下滑时代下，大力发展农业教育，为农业、农村经济发展提供应用型人才，是解 决“三农”问题的关键。对此，文本着重分析新时代下农业教育问题，提出新时代下农业教育创新模式 路径。     

乡村振兴战略下生鲜农产品智慧零售模式研究——以浦东新区农贸市场为例

生鲜电商是近年来颇受业界关注的零售业态。该篇文章研究的问题就是如何将生鲜电商物 流问题、高用工成本以及专业的生鲜人才储备不足等因素通过智慧零售模式同乡村振兴结合在一起， 通过实地调查和软件分析的方式提供解决农产品上行难、物流运输困难等问题的方法，为振兴乡村提 供有力的支撑。